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Sales (UCC Article 2) Practice Exam

Practice Sales (UCC Article 2) exam questions covering core doctrines, issue spotting, applied analysis, and exam-ready explanations.

Open free questions

Open the free questions first, then return for cases, flashcards, and the study map.

Free questions

Total questions

Real exam questions

70%

Pass mark

Recommended study path

A practical sequence that moves from issue maps to questions, cases, and IRAC planning.

115 min plan

120 min

Map the issues and elements

Start with formation of sales contracts and the statute of frauds and turn each coverage area into an issue checklist.

230 min

Attempt the free diagnostic quiz

Use the first score to identify weak topics before reading long notes.

335 min

Brief leading authorities

For each case, capture facts, issue, rule, reasoning, exam use, and current-law status.

430 min

Draft an IRAC answer plan

Use open terms, gap-fillers, and supplemental principles to practise issue spotting, authority selection, and balanced conclusions.

Syllabus coverage

01. Formation of Sales Contracts and the Statute of Frauds

Offer, acceptance, and the merchant's firm offer rule under UCC §2-205

Consideration and modification under UCC §2-209

Battle of the forms and the treatment of additional or different terms under UCC §2-207

Statute of Frauds: writing requirements, confirmatory memoranda between merchants, and the part performance exception

Specially manufactured goods and admissions as statutory exceptions

Electronic contracting, authentication, and the effect of NILs (non-indicated lessors) in formation

02. Open Terms, Gap-Fillers, and Supplemental Principles

Open price, open quantity, and output/requirements contracts under UCC §§2-305, 2-306

Delivery terms and default place of delivery under UCC §2-308

Course of performance, course of dealing, and usage of trade as gap-fillers

Unconscionability and judicial policing of contracts under UCC §2-302

Modification and waiver: governing provisions and the effect of no-oral-modification clauses

Interpretation and construction against the drafter; parol evidence rule in sales contracts

03. Title, Risk of Loss, and Insurable Interest

Transfer of title and its limited relevance under Article 2

Risk of loss in shipment and destination contracts: FOB, CIF, and related trade terms

Risk of loss absent breach: sale on approval, sale or return, and bulk transfers

Risk of loss when there is a breach: seller's tender of non-conforming goods and revocation

Insurable interest of buyer and seller, and identification of goods to the contract

Special situations: goods held by bailee, absence of movement of goods, and conditional sales

04. Warranties and Product Liability Under Article 2

Express warranties: affirmations, descriptions, samples, and models

Implied warranty of merchantability: merchant seller requirement and scope

Implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose: buyer's reliance required

Disclaimer of warranties: effectiveness, conspicuousness, and specific words

Cumulation and conflict of warranties; limitation of remedies under UCC §2-316 and §2-719

Third-party beneficiaries: horizontal and vertical privity issues and the Magnuson-Moss Act

05. Performance, Breach, and Anticipatory Repudiation

Seller's tender of delivery: manner, place, and time; cure of non-conforming tender

Buyer's acceptance, rejection, and revocation of acceptance: standards and timing

Installment contracts: substantial impairment of a single installment and the entire contract

Perfect tender rule and its exceptions: cure, installment contracts, and commercial impracticality

Anticipatory repudiation: demand for adequate assurance, retraction, and damages

Excuse of performance: impracticability, frustration of purpose, and casualty to identified goods

06. Remedies for Buyer and Seller Under Article 2

Seller's remedies: action for the price, damages for non-acceptance, resale, and lost profits

Buyer's remedies: cover, market damages, specific performance, and incidental/consequential damages

Cancellation, avoidance, and the effect of contract terms on remedies

Liquidated damages clauses: validity, reasonableness in light of anticipated harm

Mitigation of damages and good faith duties; allocation of risk in breach

Statute of limitations, notice requirements for breach, and the reckoning of damages

Jurisdiction lens

England & WalesPrimary

Primary launch focus for legal study notes, case summaries, and citation guidance.

Common law comparison

Comparison notes highlight where common-law reasoning differs by jurisdiction.

United States

Useful for bar-style multiple choice and federal/state contrast notes where reviewed.

Trust metadata

Reviewed by: LawConquer AI content review - Exam content generation pipeline
Last reviewed: 2026-06-03
Confidence note: Generated from public syllabus and current-law guardrails; verify jurisdiction-specific changes before relying on local rules

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