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International Humanitarian Law Practice Exam

Practice International Humanitarian Law exam questions covering core doctrines, issue spotting, applied analysis, and exam-ready explanations.

Open free questions

Open the free questions first, then return for cases, flashcards, and the study map.

Free questions

Total questions

Real exam questions

70%

Pass mark

Recommended study path

A practical sequence that moves from issue maps to questions, cases, and IRAC planning.

115 min plan

120 min

Map the issues and elements

Start with fundamental principles and sources of ihl and turn each coverage area into an issue checklist.

230 min

Attempt the free diagnostic quiz

Use the first score to identify weak topics before reading long notes.

335 min

Brief leading authorities

For each case, capture facts, issue, rule, reasoning, exam use, and current-law status.

430 min

Draft an IRAC answer plan

Use protection of persons: civilians and combatants hors de combat to practise issue spotting, authority selection, and balanced conclusions.

Syllabus coverage

01. Fundamental Principles and Sources of IHL

Distinction between jus ad bellum and jus in bello

Sources: Hague Law and Geneva Law, customary international law, treaty law (Geneva Conventions 1949, Additional Protocols 1977)

Core principles: distinction, proportionality, precaution, prohibition of unnecessary suffering

Applicability thresholds: international armed conflict (IAC) and non-international armed conflict (NIAC)

02. Protection of Persons: Civilians and Combatants Hors de Combat

Civilian immunity and loss of protection (direct participation in hostilities)

Prisoners of war: status, treatment, and release under GC III

Protection of the wounded, sick, and shipwrecked under GC I and II

Grave breaches and war crimes relating to protected persons

Internment and assigned residence of civilians in occupied territory (GC IV)

03. Conduct of Hostilities: Targeting and Precautions

Definition of military objectives and civilian objects

Targeting decisions: distinction, verification, and decision-making process

Prohibition of indiscriminate attacks and area bombardment

Precautions in attack: advanced warning, choice of means, cancellation or suspension

Precautions against the effects of attacks: passive precautions for defending party

Protection of civilian objects: cultural property, essential infrastructure, environment

04. Means and Methods of Warfare: Weapons Control

Review of new weapons, means, and methods of warfare under AP I Art 36

Prohibited weapons: expanding bullets, chemical and biological weapons, blinding lasers, anti-personnel mines

Other weapons restrictions: incendiary weapons, nuclear weapons (ICJ advisory opinion), cluster munitions

Perfidy and ruses: distinction, improper use of emblems and flags

Methods of warfare: sieges, blockades, and aerial bombardment

Autonomous weapons and emerging technologies: legal review and human control

05. Implementation, Enforcement, and Individual Responsibility

State responsibility for IHL violations and reparations

Grave breaches regime and individual criminal responsibility under domestic and international law

International Criminal Court: jurisdiction, admissibility, and complementarity over war crimes

Investigations and prosecutions: national courts, military tribunals, universal jurisdiction

Role of international tribunals (ICTY, ICTR, MICT) and hybrid courts

Fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms: ICRC, International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission

06. Conduct of Hostilities in Non-International Armed Conflicts (NIAC)

IHL rules applicable in NIAC: Common Article 3 and Additional Protocol II

Definition of NIAC: intensity of violence and organization of armed groups

Protection of civilians and persons hors de combat in NIAC

Prohibition of forced displacement and collective punishment

Fair trial guarantees and judicial guarantees in NIAC

Humanitarian access and assistance in internal conflicts

Jurisdiction lens

England & WalesPrimary

Primary launch focus for legal study notes, case summaries, and citation guidance.

Common law comparison

Comparison notes highlight where common-law reasoning differs by jurisdiction.

United States

Useful for bar-style multiple choice and federal/state contrast notes where reviewed.

Trust metadata

Reviewed by: LawConquer AI content review - Exam content generation pipeline
Last reviewed: 2026-06-03
Confidence note: Generated from public syllabus and current-law guardrails; verify jurisdiction-specific changes before relying on local rules

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