UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee v. ANCIENT COIN COLLECTORS GUILD, Claimant-Appellant, v. 3 Knife-Shaped Coins; 7 Cypriot Coins; 5 Other Chinese Coins, Defendants. Professional Numismatists Guild, Inc; American Numismatic Association; International Association of Professional Numismatists; Association of Dealers and Collectors of Ancient and Ethnographic Art; Committee for Cultural Policy, Inc.; Global Heritage Alliance, Amici Supporting Appellant. [2018]
899 F.3d 295 · Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · United States
Issue
How might UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee v. ANCIENT COIN COLLECTORS GUILD, Claimant-Appellant, v. 3 Knife-Shaped Coins; 7 Cypriot Coins; 5 Other Chinese Coins, Defendants. Professional Numismatists Guild, Inc; American Numismatic Association; International Association of Professional Numismatists; Association of Dealers and Collectors of Ancient and Ethnographic Art; Committee for Cultural Policy, Inc.; Global Heritage Alliance, Amici Supporting Appellant. help a student research, compare, or distinguish an issue in Mineral Law, and what must be verified in the linked source before citation?
Held
Source-linked holding checkpoint: verify the dispositive holding in the linked source. This entry intentionally avoids inventing a rule that may not belong to Mineral Law.
Exam use
Summary
How might UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee v. ANCIENT COIN COLLECTORS GUILD, Claimant-Appellant, v. 3 Knife-Shaped Coins; 7 Cypriot Coins; 5 Other Chinese Coins, Defendants. Professional Numismatists Guild, Inc; American Numismatic Association; International Association of Professional Numismatists; Association of Dealers and Collectors of Ancient and Ethnographic Art; Committee for Cultural Policy, Inc.; Global Heritage Alliance, Amici Supporting Appellant. help a student research, compare, or distinguish an issue in Mineral Law, and what must be verified in the linked source before citation?
Facts
Issue
How might UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee v. ANCIENT COIN COLLECTORS GUILD, Claimant-Appellant, v. 3 Knife-Shaped Coins; 7 Cypriot Coins; 5 Other Chinese Coins, Defendants. Professional Numismatists Guild, Inc; American Numismatic Association; International Association of Professional Numismatists; Association of Dealers and Collectors of Ancient and Ethnographic Art; Committee for Cultural Policy, Inc.; Global Heritage Alliance, Amici Supporting Appellant. help a student research, compare, or distinguish an issue in Mineral Law, and what must be verified in the linked source before citation?
Held
Source-linked holding checkpoint: verify the dispositive holding in the linked source. This entry intentionally avoids inventing a rule that may not belong to Mineral Law.
Ratio Decidendi
Extract the ratio from the linked judgment by identifying the legal test, material facts, and reason for the outcome. Treat this record as a research lead unless the source confirms a direct Mineral Law rule.
Reasoning
Essay-Ready Explanation Generator
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Reference to UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee v. ANCIENT COIN COLLECTORS GUILD, Claimant-Appellant, v. 3 Knife-Shaped Coins; 7 Cypriot Coins; 5 Other Chinese Coins, Defendants. Professional Numismatists Guild, Inc; American Numismatic Association; International Association of Professional Numismatists; Association of Dealers and Collectors of Ancient and Ethnographic Art; Committee for Cultural Policy, Inc.; Global Heritage Alliance, Amici Supporting Appellant. (899 F.3d 295) strengthens a Mineral Law answer because the case reflects the principle that Extract the ratio from the linked judgment by identifying the legal test, material facts, and reason for the outcome. Treat this record as a research lead unless the source confirms a direct Mineral Law rule. Applied to a problem question, the case should be used after identifying the issue as How might UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee v. ANCIENT COIN COLLECTORS GUILD, Claimant-Appellant, v. 3 Knife-Shaped Coins; 7 Cypriot Coins; 5 Other Chinese Coins, Defendants. Professional Numismatists Guild, Inc; American Numismatic Association; International Association of Professional Numismatists; Association of Dealers and Collectors of Ancient and Ethnographic Art; Committee for Cultural Policy, Inc.; Global Heritage Alliance, Amici Supporting Appellant. help a student research, compare, or distinguish an issue in Mineral Law, and what must be verified in the linked source before citation? The stronger essay move is to connect the material facts to the court's holding, then explain whether the present facts support the same conclusion or justify distinguishing the authority.
Underlying Concepts
- mineral-law
- Mineral Law
- case research
- source verification
- exam authority table
Significance
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Exam Tips
Revision Checklist
- Name the issue before discussing facts so the marker sees the legal question immediately.
- State the holding in one sentence, then use the ratio to explain why the court reached that result.
- Use the citation and jurisdiction to show why this authority matters for the problem you are answering.
- Pair this case with one supporting or contrasting authority if the question tests limits, policy, or exceptions.