Crawford v. Washington [2004]
541 U.S. 36 (2004) · Supreme Court of the United States · United States
Summary
Modern Confrontation Clause framework.
Facts
A recorded statement by the defendant's wife was admitted although she did not testify at trial.
Issue
When does admission of testimonial hearsay violate the Confrontation Clause?
Held
Testimonial statements require unavailability and a prior opportunity for cross-examination.
Ratio Decidendi
Testimonial hearsay is barred unless the witness is unavailable and previously subject to cross-examination.
Reasoning
The Sixth Amendment preserves a procedural right of confrontation for testimonial evidence.
Significance
Modern Confrontation Clause framework.
Related Cases
No related cases listed.
Exam Tips
Review the ratio and reasoning before applying this case in problem questions.